Process for the extraction of oils and fats.



W. S. SIMPSON.

PROCESS FOR THE EXTBAGTION 0P OILS AND FATS.

APPLIOATIOH FILED JUNE 5, 1911.

1,012,572. Patented Dee.19, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 11 0 K I B I Wfiic 6 \Se 8 ZZ 0622?:91

W. S. SIMPSON.

PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF OILS AND FATS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 5, 1911.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2 Patented Dec. 19, 1911.

WILLIAM SPEIRS SIMPSON, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF OILS AND FATS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 5, 1911.

Patented Dec. 19, 1911.

Serial No. 631.443.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, illman Srems SIMP- SUN, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for the Extraction of Oils and Fats, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object the extraction of oils and fats, including essential oils, from various vegetable and other substances containing the same; which being accomplished in raeuo yields a higher percentage and in some cases a purer quality of product than by methods hitherto practiced, especially as related to olive oil, cotton seed oil, linseed oil, castor oil, almond and other nut oils, cod liver oil, various animal fats and essential oils.

My invention'will be clearly understood from the following description aided by the annexed drawings in which Figure- 1 is a side sectional elevation of an apparatus constructed for carrying out the method or process. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the apparatus at right angles to Fig. 1.

In carrying out my invention I prepare a suitable receptacle or chamber A, so constructed as to be air-tight, within which a reasonably high vacuum may be created and maintained by means of any convenient form of vacuum pump connected to the valved pipe B. This chamber A is of such a shape and size that it may contain machinery or mechanical appliances wherein and whereby the substances to be treated may be crushed and compressed and their oleaginous contents may be extracted, without the application of heat, preferably by means of hydraulic pressure.

The primary objects of treatment in qracuo are to avoid the chemical changes or deterioration involved in the application of heat or solvents to the substances under treatment and to facilitate extraction in a pure form of the oils and essences without oxidation.

The vacuum chamber may be lighted internally and is fitted with glass covered observation ports for the use of the operator. In the drawing I have shown the vacuum chamber A as being connected to a table C carried by legs D and to the under part of the table is bolted a cylinder E, this carrying a plunger F operated hydraulically or pneumatically by a pump G, the piston H of which is actuated by a handle I.

J is a packing ring or gland in the cylinder E to insure a proper fit of the plunger F. Positioned above the plunger F and held to the table C and cylinder E by bolts K is a pressure plate ,L and surrounding the plunger F is a trough M leading by a pipe N to a cock P and the plunger is provided with a projecting head. The wall of the chamber A is provided with sight holes Q. having removable covers.

R is a non return valve situate between the pump G and the cylinder E, and S is a non return valve situate between the pump G and the water supply or atmosphere to allow action of the pump as will be wellunderstood.

The material (preferably in bags) to be treated is placed through one of the sight holes or through an opening on to the plunger head and the opening closed. A vacuum is now created in the chamber through the pipe B. The pump is now started and the plunger lifted to crush and compress the material against the pressure plate L, to extract the oils, fats and other fluid products which fall over the edge of the head of the plunger into the trough M from which they can be drawn off by the pipe N on opening the tap P.

T is a pipe and U is a valve in the pipe T on the opening of which the water or air can be released in the cylinder E and the plunger will by its own weight fall ready for a fresh operation.

Although the previous withdrawal of air from the'substanees being treated facilitates the separation of the oils and somewhat increases the quantity obtained, especially in the case of soya bean oil, olive oil and linseed oil, less oil remaining in the cake. the more important result is shown in respect of the quantity of the oil produced in racuo, any oxidation during the process being thus obviated. For example, in the case of linseed oil the color is brighter, it is almost odorless and the price obtainable is materially greater than for the best qualities of linseed oil hitherto produced. In the case of castor oil the vacuum expressed product is almost entirely odorless and tasteless. In the case of eodliver oil the vacuum expressed oil is found to contain 17% more iodin than has been hitherto obtainable. the higher iodin contents being desirable since the (0UP mercial value of this particular oil is largely determined thereby. So also with olive 011 and cottonseed oil, a purer and sweeter quality is obtained than by the processes hitherto employed.

What I do claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is The hereindescribed process of extracting oils and fats from vegetable or animal substances which comprises placing a charge of the substance to be treated in a closed chamber, extracting atmospheric air from such chamber, and subsequently compressing the substance in vacuo in said chamber to complete the extraction of the oils or fats therefrom and thereby reventing oxidation.

In testimony wl ereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM SPEIRS SIMPSON.

\Vitnesses:

H. D. J AMESON, O. J. WORTH. 

